Support

[DEMO_PAGE] Autem vel eum iure: reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit (v.002)

Speaker at Prime Minister's Questions, 16 March 2022. © UK Parliament / Jessica Taylor
Speaker at Prime Minister's Questions, 16 March 2022. © UK Parliament / Jessica Taylor

At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos decdimus qui blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et uas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserun mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolrum.

Dr Ruth Fox, Director , Hansard Society
Dr Brigid Fowler, Senior Researcher, Hansard Society
,
Director , Hansard Society

Dr Ruth Fox

Dr Ruth Fox
Director , Hansard Society

Ruth is responsible for the strategic direction and performance of the Society and leads its research programme. She has appeared before more than a dozen parliamentary select committees and inquiries, and regularly contributes to a wide range of current affairs programmes on radio and television, commentating on parliamentary process and political reform.

In 2012 she served as adviser to the independent Commission on Political and Democratic Reform in Gibraltar, and in 2013 as an independent member of the Northern Ireland Assembly’s Committee Review Group. Prior to joining the Society in 2008, she was head of research and communications for a Labour MP and Minister and ran his general election campaigns in 2001 and 2005 in a key marginal constituency.

In 2004 she worked for Senator John Kerry’s presidential campaign in the battleground state of Florida. In 1999-2001 she worked as a Client Manager and historical adviser at the Public Record Office (now the National Archives), after being awarded a PhD in political history (on the electoral strategy and philosophy of the Liberal Party 1970-1983) from the University of Leeds, where she also taught Modern European History and Contemporary International Politics.

,
Senior Researcher, Hansard Society

Dr Brigid Fowler

Dr Brigid Fowler
Senior Researcher, Hansard Society

Brigid joined the Hansard Society in December 2016 to lead its work on Parliament and Brexit, as well as contribute to its ongoing research on the legislative process, parliamentary procedure and scrutiny, and public political engagement. From 2007 to 2014 she was a Committee Specialist for the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, where she led on the Committee’s EU-related work. In the first six months of 2016 she was on the research team of Britain Stronger in Europe. She has also worked as assistant to an MEP in Brussels and as an analyst and researcher on EU and European affairs in the private sector and at the University of Birmingham and King’s College London.

After completing BA and MPhil degrees at the University of Oxford in PPE and European Politics, respectively, she spent the first part of her career focusing on the politics of post-communist transition and EU accession in Central Europe, and completed her PhD at the University of Birmingham on the case of Hungary. She has given media comment, appeared before select committees and published several journal articles and book contributions.

Get our latest research, insights and events delivered to your inbox

Subscribe to our newsletter

We will never share your data with any third-parties.

Share this and support our work

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque sit. Semper viverra nam libero justo laoreet sit amet. Ac torto vitae purus faucibus ornare.

Amet consectetur adipicing elit ut. Habtasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque elit ullamcorper dinissim. Turpis egestas pretium aenean pharetra. Duis at tellus at urna dimentum. Amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus.

Ac ut consequat semper viverra nam libero. Lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque. Amet voltpat consequat auris nunc congue nisi. Semper viverra nam libero justo laoreet sit amet. Pellentesque id nibh tortor id aliquet lectus proin nibh.

European Scrutiny Committee: Average attendance rates of Conservative and Labour Members, 2010-22, by parliamentary Session • Percentage of meetings attended per Session (or part thereof during which MP was a Member of the Committee)

Source: Hansard Society calculations on basis of ESC data and (from 2021-22) ESC transcripts and minutes

Amet luctus venenatis lectus magna fringilla. Sit amet justo donec enim diam vulputate. Scelerisque eu ultrices vitae auctor eu augue ut. Fringilla phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Nunc eget lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum. Blandit curus risus at ultrices mi tempus imperdiet nulla malesuada. Viverra adipiscing at in tellus. Gravida cum sociis natoque penatibus. Nulla facilisi morbi tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus laoreet.

Culpa qui officia: Semper viverra nam libero quis varius • Duis at tellus at urna condimentum. Amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus. Ac ut consequat semper viverra nam libero. Lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque. Amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc congue nisi.

DictumstLiberoPellentesqueViverra
10002%Arcu-12
5418%Quam-5
2312%Varius+16
67555%Risus-3
1364%Non quis-78
8549%Morbi+32
3888%Dolor+2
Source: Hansard Society Statutory Instrument Tracker

Et sollicitudin ac orci phasellus egestas tellus rutrum tellus. Quis lectus nulla at volutpat. Lectus proin nibh nisl condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae. Bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Nisl nisi scelerisque eu ultrices vitae aucor eu. Orci phasellus egestas tellus rutrum tellus. At in tellus integer feugiat. Vitae congue mauris rhoncus aenean vel elit scelerisque mauris.

Coronavirus-related and non-Coronavirus-related Statutory Instruments by week • The number of Coronavirus-related and non-Coronavirus-related Statutory Instruments laid before Parliament by week, 27 January 2020-3 March 2022

Source: Hansard Society Statutory Instrument Tracker® data. Cite as: Hansard Society Coronavirus Statutory Instruments Dashboard

Coronavirus-related Statutory Instruments by Government department • The number of Coronavirus-related Statutory Instruments laid before Parliament by different Government departments

Source: Hansard Society Statutory Instrument Tracker® data. Cite as: Hansard Society Coronavirus Statutory Instruments Dashboard

Orci nulla pellentesque dignissim enim. Euismod elementum nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing. Euismod lacinia at quis risus sed vulputate odio ut enim. Tempor nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id. Id faucibus nisl tinciduo eget nullam non nisi.

Eu lobortis elementum ibh tells oestie upn non blandit. Sit amet luctus venenatis lectus magna fringilla. Poin feretum eo el rci. Laus estbulum sed arcu non odio euismod lacinia at. Eleifend uam adipisng iteproin gittis nisl rhonus mattis. Bibendum arcu vitae elementu curabitur vitae unc sevelit dignissi.

Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet massa:

  • Posuere ac ut consequat semper viverra nam libero justo.

  • Enim praesent elementum facilisis leo. Aliquet nibh praesent tristique magna sit amet purus.

    • Pretium aenean pharetra magna ac placerat. Condimentum id venenatis a condimentum.

      • Duis tristique sollicitudin nibh sit amet.

    • Egestas integer eget aliquet nibh praesent tristique magna sit. Sem viverra aliquet eget sit amet tellus.

  • Lobortis mattis aliquam faucibus purus. Et leo duis ut diam quam nulla porttitor massa id. Neque viverra justo nec ultrices dui sapien eget mi proin.

Amet consectetur adipicing elit ut. Habtasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque elit ullamcorper dinissim. Turpis egestas pretium aenean pharetra. Duis at tellus at urna dimentum. Amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus. Ac ut consequat semper viverra nam libero. Lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque. Amet voltpat consequat auris nunc congue nisi. Semper viverra nam libero justo laoreet sit amet. Pellentesque id nibh tortor id aliquet lectus proin nibh.

Debate in the House of Commons chamber. (© UK Parliament / Jessica Taylor (CC BY-NC 2.0))
Debate in the House of Commons chamber. (© UK Parliament / Jessica Taylor (CC BY-NC 2.0))

Scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque sit. Amet aliquam id diam maecenas ultricies mi eget. In mollis nunc sed id. Sapien pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Diam quam nulla porttitor massa id neque. Amet venenatis urna cursus eget nunc scelerisque viverra mauris. Augue mauris augue neque gravida. Vel fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla.

Pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien. Mauris cursus mattis molestie a. Neque vitae tempus quam pellentesque nec. Et molestie ac feugiat sed lectus vestibulum mattis ullamcorper. Nunc sed id semper risus in hendrerit. Viverra orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris. At in tellus integer feugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc.

Nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id velit ut tortor. Viverra nibh cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed blandit libero. Ut lectus arcu bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Volutpat maecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit scelerisque. Venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet sagittis. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor

Amet tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant. Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit. Mattis rhoncus urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis volutpat est. Phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante. A arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. A era nam at lectus.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson makes a statement to the House of Commons ahead of votes on his renegotiated Brexit deal, 19 October, 2019. UK Parliament/Jessica Taylor (CC BY-NC 2.0)
Prime Minister Boris Johnson makes a statement to the House of Commons ahead of votes on his renegotiated Brexit deal, 19 October, 2019. UK Parliament/Jessica Taylor (CC BY-NC 2.0)

Id aliquet lectus proin nibh nisl condimentum id venenatis. Eget velit aliquet sagittis id consectetur. Non arcu risus quis varius quam. Mauris sit amet massa vitae tortor condimentum.

  1. Ridiculus mus mauris vitae ultricies leo integer.

  2. Ultrices vitae auctor eu augue ut lectus arcu.

    1. Mattis nunc sed blandit libero volutpat.

      1. Et molestie ac feugiat sed lectus vestibulum mattis ullamcorper velit.

      2. Viverra vitae congue eu consequat ac felis donec et.

    2. Turpis massa sed elementum tempus egestas sed sed risus. In iaculis nunc sed augue lacus viverra.

  3. Ac orci phasellus egestas tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

Et netus et malesuada fames oc turpis. Phasellus egestas tellus rutrum tellus. Varius quam quisque id diam vel. A pellentesque sit amet porttitor eget dolor morbi non arcu. Volutpat ac tincidunt vitae semper quis lectus nulla. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula.

There is a blurred boundary dividing what goes into primary and delegated legislation

The main objectives and core substance of policy should, in principle, always be set out in primary legislation. Delegated legislation should only be used for minor updates or technical details. In recent years, however, this boundary has become increasingly blurred.

What is the problem?

Historically, delegated legislation was designed for prescribing matters of administrative and technical detail, not substantive policy decisions. Gradually, however, the threshold that determines what goes into primary and delegated legislation has become less clear.

Although this boundary between primary and delegated legislation cannot be easily and precisely defined, it has become increasingly blurred.

Parliamentary democracy is now being undermined as wide delegated powers – granting Government Ministers more and more discretion to define policy through delegated legislation – are becoming commonplace.

Today, significant policy decisions are being enacted by Ministers via Statutory Instrument (SI) – the most common form of delegated legislation – with little scrutiny by Parliament.

These include the creation of criminal offences, measures that infringe people’s rights, and financial rules with substantial implications for businesses and individuals.

In recent years, delegated powers have been used to make legislation to:

  • allow fracking under English National Parks and World Heritage Sites;

  • put in place drastic limitations on peoples’ lives in response to the Coronavirus pandemic;

  • establish the entire UK REACH regulatory regime for the post-Brexit control of chemicals use; and

  • make changes to planning and development rules, to allow certain buildings to be demolished or extended without planning permission.

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

Related content

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

Vague and ambiguously worded powers confer excessive legislative discretion on Ministers

Delegated powers are often drafted in vague, imprecise or subjective language that can be open to divergent interpretation. Parliament is therefore handing over open-ended legislative authority to Ministers, as it is hard to predict exactly what these powers can and will be used for.

What is the problem?

Delegated powers are increasingly sought and relied on in situations where legislative details are unknown (and sometimes unknowable) at the time the Act is passed. This has led to a growth in powers that are drafted using vague language, providing flexibility for Ministers to respond to events as needed.

Such powers often contain wording that renders them widely open-ended. A power may, for example, permit a Minister to make provision they consider “appropriate”; to “improve” certain measures; or to “engage in conduct”.

Some Bills also include a power that enables Ministers to ensure provisions remain fit for purpose in the future. People may reasonably have different interpretations about what these powers permit and do not permit. In such cases, Ministers are given considerable room for manoeuvre. This may be especially problematic if a new Minister discovers powers on the statue book passed by a previous Parliament and uses them in ways that had not previously been contemplated.

Broadly drawn powers such as these cannot be effectively scrutinised as parliamentarians are unclear what purposes they will be used for. This approach enables Ministers to legislate with limited parliamentary scrutiny, in areas of policy or in response to events which are undefined and unknown at the time the power is granted.

Many Acts include powers to make provision that is “supplementary, incidental, consequential, transitional, transitory or saving”. Such powers appear intended as a ‘catch-all’ or safety net and so are inherently vaguely worded.

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

Related content

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

‘Skeleton’ Bills defer policy detail to delegated legislation made by Ministers

There is a growing number of Bills that rely on delegated powers, instead of detailed provision, to implement policy. These ‘skeleton’ Bills cannot be effectively understood and scrutinised by Parliament, since the policy the Government intends to enact through the Bill remains unclear.

What is the problem?

‘Skeleton’ Bills (or ‘framework’ Bills) contain delegated powers instead of policy. These Bills, whether fully or partially skeletal, can be so lacking in policy substance that their true meaning cannot be known prior to the delegated legislation made under them. Why are ‘skeleton’ Bills used?

In circumstances where policy development is incomplete – or simply where administrative convenience is sought – ‘skeleton’ Bills provide Ministers with the freedom to act later. Parliament, however, cannot meaningfully scrutinise a Bill that does not explain how the powers contained within it will be used.

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

‘Henry VIII’ powers challenge the principle of parliamentary sovereignty

The increasing use of ‘Henry VIII’ powers challenges the constitutional principle that Parliament is the ultimate source of law. These powers enable Ministers to amend, repeal or otherwise alter the effect of primary legislation and can have serious constitutional implications.

What is the problem?

In 1539, King Henry VIII attempted to give his proclamations the same validity as laws passed by Parliament through the ‘Statute of Proclamations’. The House of Commons rejected these demands, asserting that the King’s proclamations could not alter Acts of Parliament, nor interfere with existing rights.

Despite this, his name is today used as a shorthand to describe delegated powers that allow Government Ministers to modify Acts of Parliament. ‘Henry VIII’ powers are controversial because they allow the will of Parliament – the ultimate source of law – to be overridden.

The use of ‘Henry VIII’ powers challenges the constitutional principle that Parliament is the sole legislative authority with the power to create, amend or repeal law. If Acts of Parliament can be overridden by Ministerial discretion, these powers – now relatively common – call into question the purpose of Parliament’s detailed scrutiny of Bills.

One area of particular concern is the now-routine inclusion of a power for Ministers to implement an Act by making ‘supplementary provision’. These allow the Minister to make further consequential or incidental legislative changes and can even include a power to amend the Act itself. This approach can contribute to lowering legislative standards by removing the need to make sure legislation is thoroughly drafted before its introduction.

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

The normalisation of increasingly wide powers has created a ‘ratchet effect’

As the number of wide delegated powers on the statute book increases, it becomes easier for the Government to argue for even broader powers, by pointing to the precedent set by other powers. This creates a ‘ratchet effect’ whereby the volume and breadth of powers gradually increases over time.

What is the problem?

When Parliament accepts controversial powers in a Bill, it creates a precedent that makes it politically easier for the Government to argue in favour of taking similar powers in subsequent Bills.

Parliamentarians can become desensitised by overexposure to what was once constitutionally controversial, creating a ‘normalisation’ or ‘ratchet’ effect, which leads to ever wider powers being sought, defended, and granted.

This effect can also be seen in how legislation is approached by the civil service, which has been described as “addicted” to delegated legislation, and with having a “button on the computer” to add certain delegated powers to Bills.

Once on the statute book, powers can be pointed to as examples of existing practice. Any controversy that existed at the time of drafting and granting will not necessarily be apparent from the black letter of the law.

There may also be an element of ‘cherry-picking’ in arguing from precedent. The Government could, for example, use an existing power to argue for a new one, while ignoring any parliamentary scrutiny safeguards attached to the existing power.

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

Long-lasting delegated powers risk being used in ways Parliament did not originally anticipate

A wide power can be used in unexpected ways, years – or even decades – after it was granted. This presents a political risk both for a Government seeking or using a wide power, as in each situation it is unclear what legislative authority Parliament has granted.

What is the problem?

Because delegated powers are often drafted in a vague or open way, a wide variety of actions may be taken using them. This openness is often necessary where future needs and trends cannot be predicted with precision. However, it creates the risk of powers being used in ways that were not – or could not have been – anticipated or expected by Parliament.

Powers sought by one Government for one reason can therefore be used by another Government for an entirely different purpose. This entails political risks for both Governments and question marks over the democratic legitimacy of such measures.

This problem can become acute when a power demonstrably allows for wider action than the Government’s stated plans or objectives for that power. Ministers often promise not to misuse the powers they are granted. However, Parliament must assess delegated powers not just on how the incumbent Minister proposes to use them, but also on how they could be used by any future successor.

Disagreements can also arise when more than one power could be used to enact certain measures, especially if they have different scrutiny requirements. For example, there was controversy over the use of powers in the Public Health Act 1984 to implement coronavirus restrictions, rather than the Civil Contingencies Act 2003.

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

[[ NEED EXAMPLE PARENT ACTS ]]

  • Tax Credits SI (Coalition using powers taken by the Labour Govt)

  • Icelandic banks SI (shutting down assets using powers in terrorism legislation)

  • GMO SI (relaxing EU rules on genetic modification under powers granted during EU membership)

  • Covid SIs/CCA (as above)

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

There is a low bar for the use of urgent powers that bypass Parliament to legislate at speed

It is currently too easy for the Government to bypass Parliament by simply claiming a situation is urgent. Legislating at speed squeezes opportunities for parliamentary scrutiny. While delegated legislation is a valuable tool for responding rapidly in emergencies, urgent powers are too often used with little justification.

What is the problem?

It is usually much quicker to legislate via delegated – rather than primary – legislation. However, various rules and conventions limit the speed at which delegated legislation can be made and enter into force.

For example, Statutory Instruments (SIs) subject to the 'affirmative' procedure must normally be approved by Parliament before they can be made into law. SIs subject to the 'negative' procedure must normally be laid before Parliament at least 21 days before they enter into force (the ‘21-day rule’).

However, these safeguards can often be disposed of by Government with surprisingly little Parliament can do about it. This is problematic because excessive urgency squeezes the time available for parliamentary scrutiny. It can also lead to legislation being rushed and of poorer quality, a lack of awareness among the public about what the law is, and policy work being done after an Instrument has been laid.

For example, between January 2020 and October 2021, just over 500 Coronavirus-related Statutory Instruments were laid before Parliament. Of these, 91 were made using the ‘emergency procedure’ power in the Public Health Act 1984. This emergency procedure allowed an SI to become law before being scrutinised, undermining accountability and turning Parliament into a rubber stamp. Similarly worded emergency powers exist elsewhere on the statute book, but using them does not normally place significant additional burdens on the Minister: they do not have to provide evidence as to why the matter is urgent or even make a statement to Parliament justifying their claim of urgency. It is too easy for the Government to resort to ‘urgent powers’ without having to justify their decision to Parliament.

Not all powers are accompanied by a specific ‘urgent procedure’. In contrast, the 21-day rule applies to all SIs laid under the negative procedure. But this rule cannot be enforced (though the JCSI will report such Instruments). It can even be possible for an SI to come into force before being laid before Parliament, so long as the Speaker is notified of that fact. The JCSI has suspected that this process “is being invoked for non-essential reasons, for example, delays within Government, administrative errors or forgetting to lay the instrument in a timely manner.”

Where is the problem evident?

Click the links below to learn more about the powers used in the legislation (then follow the relevant link in the pop-up to return to this section).

  • Public Health Act and face-covering regulations

  • Social Security (return to work) regulations

  • HFSS SI

Facilisi cras fermentum odio eu feugiat pretium nibh ipsum consequat. Gravida rutrum quisque non tellus orci ac auctor.

Aliquet eget sit amet tellus cras dipiscing enim eu. Vulputate sapien nec sagittis aliquam malesuada bibendum. Nullam vehicula ipsum a arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. Pellentesque massa placerat duis ultricies lacus sed turpis tincidunt id. Elementum nisi qui eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin.

Track business-critical SIs and plan against key dates

  • Updated daily – Every SI laid before the Westminster Parliament is added to the Tracker. You can view the SIs in the online app and also opt into our daily email alert.

  • View the critical information in one place – Details of the parent Act, the scrutiny procedure, scrutiny deadlines, the 'made' and coming-into-force dates, Committee reports, debate transcripts and related SIs are consolidated in one place so you can view them and the links you need from one page.

  • Identify key dates – The next steps in the parliamentary process, including the dates for Committee meetings, debates and approval motions in each House, are set out in a clear and accessible way.

  • Find an SI – Filter SIs by policy sector, or search for SIs by number, department, scrutiny procedure or keyword.

Screenshot of various filtering components in the Statutory Instrument Tracker

Build a personalised dashboard to track what matters most to you

  • Fine tune your monitoring – Create your own watch-list of SIs to track via your personal dashboard. There's no limit: save as few or as many SIs to the dashboard as you want, all at the touch of a button.

  • Keep on top of an SI's progress – As SIs on your watch-list make their way through Parliament, keep up to date with what happens to them via in-app notifications and email alerts (for example, when a Committee meeting or Chamber debate is scheduled, a report is published, or an SI is withdrawn).

  • Focus your efforts at the right moment – Use the in-app calendar to stay on top of critical deadlines so you always know what’s coming up and what to focus on next.

Screenshots showing various steps in monitoring on the SI Tracker

Have your say and influence consultations on critical regulations

  • Stay informed – All Government consultations on draft SIs, and consultations that give an indication they could result in SIs, are added to the SI Tracker® each week. View the consultations in the app and opt into the weekly email alert.

  • Find a consultation – Filter all consultations by policy sector, or search by keyword.

  • Make your voice heard as early as possible – All the information you need to respond to a consultation in a timely way can be accessed from one page, including the consultation publication and the deadline for submissions.

  • Keep up to date – Add a consultation to your watch-list and you’ll be notified about updates, including when the Government publishes a response or when any resulting SIs are laid before Parliament.

Graphic showing steps in filtering consultations and the subsequent dashboard

Save time and reduce risk

  • Save time – Monitoring 1000+ regulations each year is a painstaking task and the parliamentary process is complex, so it’s easy to miss something vital. Using our SI Tracker® will save you time which can then be spent on other tasks.

  • Don’t miss out on vital information – Our team monitors dozens of parliamentary and government sources each week so you don’t have to! All the information and papers about an SI are consolidated in one place so you can access the information quickly and flexibly across all your devices.

Screenshots from the Statutory Instrument Tracker showing the resources that are pulled in

Vestibulum lectus mauris ultrices eros in cursus. Tortor condimentum lacinia quis vel eros. Sed risus ultricies tristique nulla aliquet. Egestas tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt. Sit amet massa vitae tortor.

Nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Ut sem nulla pharetra diam sit. Sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Ornare suspendisse sed nisi lacus sed viverra tellus in hac. Tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

Felis eget nunc lobortis mattis aliquam faucibus. Senectus et netus et malesuada fames. Senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Nisi vitae suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Sed enim ut sem viverra aliquet eget sit amet tellus. Ut aliquam purus sit amet luctus venenatis lectus magna. Ullamcorper morbi tincidunt ornare massa eget egestas purus. Amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc congue nisi. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Donec adipiscing tristique risus nec. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla. Dignissim cras tincidunt lobortis feugiat vivamus at.

% of total Coronavirus-related Statutory Instruments laid before Parliament each week • Duis at tellus at urna condimentum. Amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus. Ac ut consequat semper viverra nam libero. Lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque. Amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc congue nisi.

Week commencing% of total SIs laid before Parliament that are Coronavirus-related
2 March 20204%
9 March8%
16 March12%
23 March80%
30 March54%
6 April87%
13 April80%
20 April56%
27 April69%
4 May0%
Use the arrows to the right to browse through the data | Cite as: Hansard Society Statutory Instrument Tracker data

Venenatis tellus in metus vulputate eu scelerisque felis. Venenatis tellus in metus vulputate. Egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere morbi leo. Senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac. Semper feugiat nibh sed pulvinar proin gravida hendrerit lectus.

Semper viverra nam libero quis varius • Duis at tellus at urna condimentum. Amet purus gravida quis blandit turpis cursus. Ac ut consequat semper viverra nam libero. Lorem dolor sed viverra ipsum. Dolor morbi non arcu risus quis varius quam quisque. Amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc congue nisi.

DictumstLiberoPellentesqueViverraDictumstLiberoPellentesqueViverraDictumstLiberoPellentesqueViverraDictumstLiberoPellentesqueViverra
2232%Arcu-122232%Arcu-122232%Arcu-122232%Arcu-12
5418%Quam-55418%Quam-55418%Quam-55418%Quam-5
2312%Varius+162312%Varius+162312%Varius+162312%Varius+16
67555%Risus-367555%Risus-367555%Risus-367555%Risus-3
1364%Non quis-781364%Non quis-781364%Non quis-781364%Non quis-78
8549%Morbi+328549%Morbi+328549%Morbi+328549%Morbi+32
3888%Dolor+23888%Dolor+23888%Dolor+23888%Dolor+2
2232%Arcu-122232%Arcu-122232%Arcu-122232%Arcu-12
Source: Hansard Society Statutory Instrument Tracker

Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis volutpat est. Vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus mattis rhoncus. Ornare lectus sit amet est placerat in. Proin fermentum leo vel orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet.

Dictum at tempor commodo ullamcorper. Dui sapien eget mi proin. Faucibus interdum posuere lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur. Ipsum consequat nisl vel pretium lectus. Viverra justo nec ultrices dui sapien. Etiam erat velit scelerisque in dictum non. Nam aliquam sem et tortor consequat id porta nibh.

Velit euismod in pellentesque massa. Volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit. Eu scelerisque felis imperdiet proin. Neque convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae tempus. Massa tempor nec feugiat nisl pretium. In egestas erat imperdiet sed euismod nisi porta. Praesent semper feugiat nibh sed pulvinar proin. A scelerisque purus semper eget duis at tellus at. Cursus mattis molestie a iaculis.

Aenean vel elit scelerisque mauris pellentesque pulvinar. Nisl suscipit adipiscing bibendum est ultricies integer quis. Enim ut sem viverra aliquet eget sit amet. Pulvinar sapien et ligula ullamcorper malesuada proin libero. Integer malesuada nunc vel risus. At augue eget arcu dictum.

Scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc faucibus a pellentesque sit. Amet aliquam id diam maecenas ultricies mi eget. In mollis nunc sed id. Sapien pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus. Diam quam nulla porttitor massa id neque. Amet venenatis urna cursus eget nunc scelerisque viverra mauris. Augue mauris augue neque gravida. Vel fringilla est ullamcorper eget nulla.

Pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien. Mauris cursus mattis molestie a. Neque vitae tempus quam pellentesque nec. Et molestie ac feugiat sed lectus vestibulum mattis ullamcorper. Nunc sed id semper risus in hendrerit. Viverra orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris. At in tellus integer feugiat scelerisque varius morbi enim nunc.

Nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id velit ut tortor. Viverra nibh cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed blandit libero. Ut lectus arcu bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Volutpat maecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit scelerisque. Venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet sagittis. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt.

Amet tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant. Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit. Mattis rhoncus urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis volutpat est. Phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante. A arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. A erat nam at lectus.

Nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Ut sem nulla pharetra diam sit. Sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Ornare suspendisse sed nisi lacus sed viverra tellus in hac. Tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

Felis eget nunc lobortis mattis aliquam faucibus. Senectus et netus et malesuada fames. Senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Nisi vitae suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Sed enim ut sem viverra aliquet eget sit amet tellus. Ut aliquam purus sit amet luctus venenatis lectus magna. Ullamcorper morbi tincidunt ornare massa eget egestas purus. Amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc congue nisi. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Donec adipiscing tristique risus nec. Aliquam eleifend mi in nulla. Dignissim cras tincidunt lobortis feugiat vivamus at.

Venenatis tellus in metus vulputate eu scelerisque felis. Venenatis tellus in metus vulputate. Egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere morbi leo. Senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac. Semper feugiat nibh sed pulvinar proin gravida hendrerit lectus.

Nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id velit ut tortor. Viverra nibh cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed blandit libero. Ut lectus arcu bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Volutpat maecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit scelerisque. Venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet sagittis. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt.

Amet tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant. Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit. Mattis rhoncus urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis volutpat est. Phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante. A arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. A erat nam at lectus.

Nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Ut sem nulla pharetra diam sit. Sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Ornare suspendisse sed nisi lacus sed viverra tellus in hac. Tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

Nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id velit ut tortor. Viverra nibh cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed blandit libero. Ut lectus arcu bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Volutpat maecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit scelerisque. Venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet sagittis. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt.

Amet tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant. Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit. Mattis rhoncus urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis volutpat est. Phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante. A arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. A erat nam at lectus.

Nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Ut sem nulla pharetra diam sit. Sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Ornare suspendisse sed nisi lacus sed viverra tellus in hac. Tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

Nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id velit ut tortor. Viverra nibh cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed blandit libero. Ut lectus arcu bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Volutpat maecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit scelerisque. Venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet sagittis. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt.

Amet tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Consectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant. Eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit. Mattis rhoncus urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis volutpat est. Phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante. A arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. A erat nam at lectus.

Nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Ut sem nulla pharetra diam sit. Sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Ornare suspendisse sed nisi lacus sed viverra tellus in hac. Tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

Nec feugiat nisl pretium fusce id velit ut tortor. Viverra nibh cras pulvinar mattis nunc sed blandit libero. Ut lectus arcu bibendum at varius vel pharetra. Volutpat aecenas volutpat blandit aliquam etiam erat velit scelerisque. Venenatis cras sed felis eget velit aliquet sagittis. Elementum integer enim neque volutpat ac tincidunt.

Amet tellus cras adipiscing enim eu turpis egestas pretium. Cosectetur adipiscing elit pellentesque habitant. Eu volutpat odio facilisis auris sit. Mattis rhoncs urna neque viverra justo nec ultrices. Commodo viverra maecenas accumsan lacus vel facilisis voltpat est. Phasellus faucibus scelerisque eleifend donec pretium. Turpis tincidunt id aliquet risus feugiat in ante. A arcu cursus vitae congue mauris. A erat nam at lectus.

Blog / What role does Parliament play in the Spending Review?

The UK Spending Review outlines how Government funds will be allocated over several years. Unlike the Budget, which raises revenue, the Review decides how it is spent. But how is it approved? What role does Parliament play if it doesn’t vote on the Review itself? This blog explores how the Spending Review works, how it differs from the Budget, and how Parliament holds the Government to account through the Estimates process.

09 Jun 2025
Read more

Blog / The Planning and Infrastructure Bill: What happens when detail is deferred?

The Hansard Society has long raised concerns about the Government's increasing tendency to present undeveloped legislation that lacks detailed policy and grants ministers broad delegated powers to fill in the gaps later. This practice undermines effective parliamentary scrutiny, by preventing MPs and Peers from fully assessing how powers may be used, (or misused), in the future. The weak system for overseeing delegated legislation—especially in the Commons—exacerbates the problem. Several powers in the Planning and Infrastructure Bill currently before Parliament highlight these ongoing issues.

14 May 2025
Read more

Blog / Breaching the 0.7% international aid target: a case study in legislative failure

The Prime Minister’s plan to cut international aid breaches the Government’s legal duty to meet the 0.7% spending target, raising constitutional concerns. Should an Act allow for premeditated non-compliance? Can a statutory duty imposed on Government by Parliament be overturned by a ministerial statement? And when a law’s purpose is abandoned, should it be amended or repealed? The fate of this Act exposes the flaws in declaratory legislation, weak parliamentary scrutiny, and executive dominance of Parliament.

03 Mar 2025
Read more

Blog / Six things we learnt from the 2024 election of select committee members

Following a series of internal parliamentary party elections, the House of Commons nominated the members of its select committees last October. But what do the election results tell us about the makeup of the select committees? Are the parties represented proportionally? Are men and women equally represented? How many ethnic minority MPs were elected to committees? What role did parliamentary experience and the size of an MP's majority play?

28 Jan 2025
Read more

Blog / Select committee chair elections: what do the results tell us about the new Parliament?

The House of Commons recently held elections for the chairs of its select committees in the new Parliament. But how did this year's elections compare to those of previous years? Were they more competitive? How well were women and ethnic minority MPs represented among the candidates and winners? And what level of parliamentary experience do the newly elected chairs bring to the table?

27 Sep 2024
Read more

Blog / MPs and the parliamentary oath of allegiance: A shibboleth under scrutiny?

Read more

Blog / Puberty blockers legislation: has the parliamentary calendar undermined accountability?

Read more

Blog / How delegated legislation is being used to tackle the prisons crisis

Read more

Blog / A House more divided: Practice and procedure in a multipolar Parliament

Read more

Nibh tortor id aliquet lectus. Ut sem nulla pharetra diam sit. Sit amet volutpat consequat mauris nunc. Purus viverra accumsan in nisl. Ornare suspendisse sed nisi lacus sed viverra tellus in hac. Tellus rutrum tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt.

News / The day the King marched on Parliament: King Charles I, five MPs and the road to civil war - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 102

In this episode we speak with historian Jonathan Healey about one of the most extraordinary days in parliamentary history when King Charles I entered the Commons Chamber with soldiers aiming to arrest five MPs. This dramatic moment, vividly recounted in Healey’s new book The Blood in Winter, marked a crucial turning point toward civil war. We explore the power struggles, propaganda, and the geography that shaped the fate of a nation and the Westminster Parliament. Please help us by completing our Listener Survey. It will only take a few minutes.

01 Aug 2025
Read more

News / Parliament gagged by super-injunction? A conversation with Joshua Rozenberg - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 101

Legal expert Joshua Rozenberg joins us this week to unpack the legal and constitutional ramifications of one of the most troubling intersections of government secrecy, national security, and parliamentary accountability in recent memory. Thousands of Afghans who had worked with British forces were placed at risk of Taliban revenge attacks after a catastrophic government data leak in 2022 exposed their details. In response, ministers secured a “super-injunction” – so secret that even its existence could not be reported – effectively silencing public debate and preventing parliamentary scrutiny for almost two years. The breach, only revealed this week, led to a covert resettlement scheme which has already cost taxpayers millions of pounds. Please help us by completing our Listener Survey. It will only take a few minutes.

18 Jul 2025
Read more

News / One year on: How is Parliament performing? - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 100

In our 100th episode, we take stock of Parliament one year after the 2024 general election. With a fractured opposition, a dominant Labour government, and a House of Commons still governed by rules designed for a two-party system, how well is this new Parliament really functioning? Please help us by completing our Listener Survey. It will only take a few minutes.

11 Jul 2025
Read more

News / Labour's welfare meltdown - Parliament Matters podcast, Episode 99

It’s been a bruising week for the Government, as a Labour backbench revolt forced ministers to gut their own welfare reforms live in the House of Commons. We explore why Sir Keir Starmer appears to have such a poor grip on parliamentary management. Plus, House of Lords reform expert Professor Meg Russell explains why the hereditary peers bill may be a once-in-a-generation chance to tackle deeper issues — like curbing prime ministerial patronage and reducing the bloated size of the upper chamber. And in Dorking, faith and politics collide over assisted dying. Please help us by completing our Listener Survey. It will only take a few minutes.

04 Jul 2025
Read more

Submissions / Parliamentary scrutiny of treaties - Our evidence to the House of Lords International Agreements Committee

Our evidence on treaty scrutiny has been published by the House of Lords International Agreements Committee. Our submission outlines the problems with the existing framework for treaty scrutiny and why legislative and cultural change are needed to improve Parliament's scrutiny role. Our evidence joins calls for a parliamentary consent vote for the most significant agreements, a stronger role for Parliament in shaping negotiating mandates and monitoring progress, and a sifting committee tasked with determining which agreements warrant the greatest scrutiny.

03 Jun 2025
Read more